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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 99(3): 269-277, May-June 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440472

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of GERD exclusively by means of multichannel intraluminal impedanciometry associated with pH monitoring (MIIpH) and compare it with respiratory symptoms in children with CF. To compare MIIpH with pHmetry alone to perform GERD diagnosis. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with children diagnosed with CF who underwent MIIpH. Clinical and laboratory markers, including respiratory and digestive symptoms, were used for comparative analyses. High-resolution chest computed tomography was performed on patients with symptoms of chronic lung disease. Severity was classified according to the Bhalla score. Results A total of 29 children < 10 yo (18 girls) were evaluated; 19 of whom with physiological GER and 10 with GERD. Of the children with GERD, seven had predominantly acid GER, two acid+non-acid GER, and one non-acid GER. Three patients had GERD diagnosed only by MIIpH. Bhalla scores ranged from seven to 17.75 with no significant relationship with GERD. The number of pulmonary exacerbations was associated with a decrease in esophageal clearance regardless of the position in pHmetry and MIIpH. Conclusions The prevalence of GERD was 34% in children with CF. There was no association between respiratory disease severity and GER types. MIIpH detected 30% more patients with GERD than pHmetry.

2.
São Paulo med. j ; 141(6): e2022508, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442191

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare and heterogeneous disease that is difficult to diagnose and requires complex and expensive diagnostic tools. The saccharin transit time test is a simple and inexpensive tool that may assist in screening patients with PCD. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare changes in the electron microscopy findings with clinical variables and saccharin tests in individuals diagnosed with clinical PCD (cPCD) and a control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in an otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic from August 2012 to April 2021. METHOD: Patients with cPCD underwent clinical screening questionnaires, nasal endoscopy, the saccharin transit time test, and nasal biopsy for transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with cPCD were evaluated. The most prevalent clinical comorbidities in the cPCD group were recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Electron microscopy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of PCD in 16 of the 34 (47.1%) patients. CONCLUSION: The saccharin test could assist in screening patients with PCD due to its association with clinical alterations related to PCD.

3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 97(3): 295-301, May-June 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279315

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the physical activity level, using two tools, and the functional capacity of children and adolescents with asthma and with different levels of disease control, and to compare them to those of individuals without asthma. Methods Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with (asthma group, AG) and without asthma (WAG), aged from 7 to 17 years. All participants performed the six-minute walk test (6MWT), the Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (Glittre-ADL), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and daily record of steps on a pedometer. Results The study included 145 individuals with asthma and 173 individuals without asthma. The WAG walked a greater distance in the 6MWT and performed the Glittre-ADL in less time than the AG. Individuals with uncontrolled, partially controlled, and controlled asthma presented the same functional capacity. A difference was observed in the IPAQ classification, with 13.9% of participants from the WAG being sedentary, compared with 26.2% in the AG. The mean quantity of steps measured by the pedometer was higher in the WAG. Conclusion There was a difference in the performance of individuals with and without asthma in the physical activity and functional capacity tests. The AG presented worse performance in the physical activity tests and, regardless of the level of asthma control, presented worse functional capacity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Asthma , Activities of Daily Living , Exercise , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise Test
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 47(5): e20210157, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346399

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of recurrent wheezing (RW) in preterm infants who received prophylaxis against severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and to identify genetic susceptibility (atopy or asthma) and risk factors for RW. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving preterm infants who received prophylaxis with palivizumab at a referral center in Brazil during the first two years of age. A structured questionnaire was administered in a face-to-face interview with parents or legal guardians. Results: The study included 410 preterm infants (median age = 9 months [0-24 months]). In the sample as a whole, 111 children (27.1%; [95% CI, 22.9-31.5]) had RW. The univariate analysis between the groups with and without RW showed no differences regarding the following variables: sex, ethnicity, maternal level of education, gestational age, birth weight, breastfeeding, number of children in the household, day care center attendance, pets in the household, and smoking caregiver. The prevalence of RW was twice as high among children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (adjusted OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.11-3.89; p = 0.022) and almost five times as high among those with a personal/family history of atopy (adjusted OR = 4.96; 95% CI, 2.62-9.39; p < 0.001) as among those without these conditions. Conclusions: Preterm infants who received prophylaxis with palivizumab but have a personal/family history of atopy or bronchopulmonary dysplasia are more likely to have RW than do those without these conditions.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de sibilância recorrente (SR) em crianças pré-termo que receberam profilaxia contra infecção grave pelo vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR) e identificar susceptibilidade genética (atopia ou asma) e fatores de risco para SR. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo crianças pré-termo que receberam profilaxia com palivizumabe em um centro de referência no Brasil durante os primeiros dois anos de vida. Um questionário estruturado foi aplicado em entrevista presencial com os pais ou responsáveis. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 410 crianças pré-termo (mediana de idade = 9 meses [0-24 meses]). Na amostra total, 111 crianças (27,1%; IC95%: 22,9-31,5) apresentavam SR. A análise univariada entre os grupos com e sem SR não mostrou diferenças em relação às seguintes variáveis: sexo, etnia, escolaridade materna, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, aleitamento materno, número de crianças no domicílio, frequência em creche, presença de animais de estimação no domicílio e cuidador tabagista. A prevalência de SR foi duas vezes maior entre crianças com displasia broncopulmonar (OR ajustada = 2,08; IC95%: 1,11-3,89; p = 0,022) e quase cinco vezes maior entre aquelas com história pessoal/familiar de atopia (OR ajustada = 4,96; IC95%: 2,62-9,39; p < 0,001) do que entre aquelas sem essas condições. Conclusões: Crianças pré-termo que receberam profilaxia com palivizumabe, mas apresentam história pessoal/familiar de atopia ou displasia broncopulmonar, têm maior probabilidade de apresentar SR do que aquelas sem essas condições.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Respiratory Sounds , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Infant, Premature , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Palivizumab/therapeutic use , Hospitalization
5.
J. bras. pneumol ; 46(3): e20190102, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090811

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a concordância entre as medidas de controle da asma e a capacidade de exercício funcional em crianças e adolescentes com asma não controlada e controlada. Métodos Selecionamos crianças e adolescentes com asma de 7 a 17 anos, que foram atendidos no Ambulatório de Pneumologia Pediátrica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Todos os pacientes tiveram nível de controle da asma avaliado pelo questionário da Global Initiative for Asthma (GINAq), Teste de Controle da Asma (TCA), espirometria e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). Os pacientes foram classificados como asma não controlada ou controlada em cada teste e a concordância entre as medidas foi avaliada pelas estatísticas do Kappa. A curva ROC foi calculada para o TC6M. O índice espirométrico da espirometria foi composto por FEV1, FEV1/FVC e FEF25-75%. Os resultados da espirometria e do TC6M foram comparados entre o grupo de asma não controlada e controlada pela GINAq. Resultados Dos 138 sujeitos incluídos, 78 (56,5%) eram do sexo masculino com idade média de 11,00 (7-17) anos. O GINAq detectou 68,8% dos pacientes com asma não controlada. Foi observada concordância moderada (p<0,001; k=0,56) e alta especificidade (100%) entre o GINAq e o TCA. No TC6M, o ponto de corte de 82,03% da distância prevista possibilitou a distinção de pacientes com asma controlada e não controlada. O índice espirométrico apresentou 73,4% de sensibilidade com o GINAq. Foram observados resultados piores no TC6M em pacientes com asma não controlada. Conclusões Este estudo destaca a importância de avaliar mais de uma medida para diferenciar o nível de controle da asma. O GINAq identificou mais pacientes com asma não controlada e apresentou concordância moderada com o TCA. O índice espirométrico foi associado à asma não controlada de acordo com o GINAq. O TC6M foi uma boa medida para distinguir pacientes com asma controlada e não controlada.


ABSTRACT Objective To assess the agreement among asthma control measures and functional exercise capacity in children and adolescents with uncontrolled and controlled asthma. Methods Children and adolescents with asthma from 7-17 years old were selected, and they were attended in the "Pediatric Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic of State University of Campinas", in Brazil. All patients had asthma control level assessed by Global Initiative for Asthma questionnaire (GINAq), Asthma Control Test (ACT), spirometry and six-minute-walk-test (6MWT). Patients were classified as uncontrolled or controlled asthma in each test and agreement among measures was assessed by kappa statistics. The ROC curve was calculated for the 6MWT. The spirometric index obtained from spirometry was composed by FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75%. Spirometry and 6MWT results were compared between uncontrolled and controlled asthma group by GINAq. Results Of the 138 subjects included, 78 (56.5%) were male with median age of 11 (7-17) years old. GINAq detected 68.8% of patients with uncontrolled asthma. Moderate agreement (p < 0.001; k = 0.56) and high specificity (100%) was observed between GINAq and ACT. In 6MWT, the cut-off point of 82.03% of predicted distance was able to distinguish patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma. Spirometric index presented 73.4% of sensitivity according to GINAq. The results for 6MWT in patients with uncontrolled asthma were the worst of all. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of assessing more than one measure to differentiate asthma control level. GINAq identified more patients with uncontrolled asthma and presented moderate agreement with ACT. Spirometric index was associated with uncontrolled asthma according to GINAq. 6MWT was a suitable measure to distinguish patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/physiopathology , Exercise Tolerance , Exercise Test/methods , Respiratory Function Tests , Asthma/drug therapy , Spirometry , Brazil , Breath Tests , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve
6.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(2): 121-128, Mar.-Apr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841281

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The sweat test (ST) measures chloride levels in sweat and is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the reliability of a ST depends on their being performed by experienced technicians and in accordance with strict guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate how sweat stimulation, sweat collection, and chloride measurement are performed at 14 centers (9 public centers and 5 private centers) that routinely perform STs in the state of São Paulo, which has the highest frequency of CF in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study, using a standardized questionnaire administered in loco to the staff responsible for conducting STs. Results: No uniformity regarding the procedures was found among the centers. Most centers were noncompliant with the international guidelines, especially regarding the collection of sweat (the samples were insufficient in 10-50% of the subjects tested); availability of stimulation equipment (which was limited at 2 centers); modernity and certification of stimulation equipment (most of the equipment having been used for 3-23 years); and written protocols (which were lacking at 12 centers). Knowledge of ST guidelines was evaluated at only 1 center. Conclusions: Our results show that STs largely deviate from internationally accepted guidelines at the participating centers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for standardization of STs, training of qualified personnel, and acquisition/certification of suitable equipment. These are essential conditions for a reliable diagnosis of CF, especially with the increasing demand due to newborn screening nationwide, and for the assessment of a possible clinical benefit from the use of modulator drugs.


RESUMO Objetivo: O teste do suor (TS) mede os níveis de cloro no suor e é considerado o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico da fibrose cística (FC). Contudo, a confiabilidade do TS depende de sua realização por técnicos experientes e segundo diretrizes rígidas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar como são realizadas a estimulação e coleta do suor e a dosagem de cloro em 14 centros (9 públicos e 5 privados) que realizam TS rotineiramente no estado de São Paulo, que possui a maior frequência de FC do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de coorte transversal utilizando um questionário padronizado aplicado in loco ao pessoal responsável pela realização dos TS. Resultados: Não houve uniformidade entre os centros quanto aos procedimentos. A maioria dos centros não era aderente às diretrizes internacionais, especialmente quanto à coleta do suor (amostras insuficientes em 10-50% dos indivíduos testados), disponibilidade de equipamentos de estimulação (limitada em 2 centros), modernidade e certificação dos mesmos (a maioria utilizada há 3-23 anos) e protocolos escritos (ausentes em 12 centros). Avaliou-se o conhecimento sobre diretrizes para TS em apenas 1 centro. Conclusões: Nossos resultados mostram que, nos centros participantes, os TS estão muito distantes das diretrizes internacionalmente aceitas. Portanto, há necessidade urgente de padronização dos TS, de treinamento de pessoal qualificado e de aquisição/certificação de equipamentos adequados. Essas são condições essenciais para um diagnóstico confiável de FC, especialmente com a crescente demanda resultante da triagem neonatal em todo o país, e para a avaliação do possível benefício clínico do uso de moduladores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chlorides/analysis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Sodium/analysis , Sweat/chemistry , Brazil , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cystic Fibrosis/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Private Facilities , Public Facilities , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 34(3): 271-280, July-Sept. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794967

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, spirometry findings and risk factors for asthma in schoolchildren who were very low birth weight infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. METHODS: Observational and cross-sectional study. The parents and/or tutors answered the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The schoolchildren were submitted to the skin prick test and spirometry assessment. RESULTS: 54 schoolchildren who were very low birth weight infants were assessed and 43 met the criteria for spirometry. Age at the assessment (bronchopulmonary dysplasia=9.5±0.85; without bronchopulmonary dysplasia=10.1±0.86 years) and birth weight (bronchopulmonary dysplasia=916.7±251.2; without bronchopulmonary dysplasia=1171.3±190.5g) were lower in the group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p<0.05). The prevalence of asthma among very low birth weight infants was 17/54 (31.5%), being 6/18 (33.3%) in the group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There was an association between wool blanket use in the first year of life (p=0.026) with the presence of asthma at school age. The skin prick test was positive in 13/17 (76.5%) and 23/37 (62.2%) of patients with and without asthma, respectively. The schoolchildren with asthma had lower z-score values of forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (n=16;−1.04±1.19) when compared to the group of patients without asthma (n=27;−0.380.93) (p=0.049). There was no difference between the spirometry variables in the groups regarding the presence or absence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Very low birth weight infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed a high prevalence of asthma (33.3% and 30.6%, respectively). Pulmonary flow in the small airways was lower in children with asthma.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar prevalência, espirometria e fatores de risco para asma em escolares que foram recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso com e sem displasia broncopulmonar. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional e transversal. Aplicou-se aos pais e/ou responsáveis o questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Foi feito teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata e espirometria nos escolares. RESULTADOS: Avaliados 54 escolares que foram recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso e 43 preencheram critérios para espirometria. A idade na avaliação (displasia broncopulmonar=9,5±0,85; sem displasia broncopulmonar=10,1±0,86 anos) e o peso de nascimento (displasia broncopulmonar=916,7±251,2; sem displasia broncopulmonar=1.171,3±190,5 g) foram menores no grupo com displasia broncopulmonar (p<0,05). A prevalência de asma entre os recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso foi de 17/54 (31,5%); no grupo com displasia broncopulmonar, de 6/18 (33,3%). Houve associação entre uso de cobertor de lã no primeiro ano de vida (p=0,026) com presença de asma na idade escolar. O teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata foi positivo em 13/17 (76,5%) e 23/37 (62,2%) nos grupos com e sem asma, respectivamente. Os escolares com asma apresentaram menores valores em z-score do fluxo expiratório forçado entre 25% e 75% da capacidade vital forçada (n=16; −1,04±1,19) comparados com os do grupo de pacientes sem asma (n=27; −0,38±0,93) (p=0,049). Não houve diferença entre as variáveis da espirometria no grupo com relação à presença ou não de displasia broncopulmonar. CONCLUSÕES: Os recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, com e sem displasia broncopulmonar, apresentaram prevalência elevada de asma (33,3% e 30,6%, respectivamente). Os fluxos pulmonares das pequenas vias aéreas foram menores nos escolares com asma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Asthma/complications , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/complications , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Premature Birth , School Health Services
8.
J. bras. pneumol ; 41(6): 502-508, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-769785

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of life according to the level of asthma control and degree of asthma severity in children and adolescents. METHODS: We selected children and adolescents with asthma (7-17 years of age) from the Pediatric Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic of the State University of Campinas Hospital de Clínicas, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Asthma control and asthma severity were assessed by the Asthma Control Test and by the questionnaire based on the Global Initiative for Asthma, respectively. The patients also completed the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), validated for use in Brazil, in order to evaluate their quality of life. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 11.22 ± 2.91 years, with a median of 11.20 (7.00-17.60) years. We selected 100 patients, of whom 27, 33, and 40 were classified as having controlled asthma (CA), partially controlled asthma (PCA), and uncontrolled asthma (UA), respectively. As for asthma severity, 34, 19, and 47 were classified as having mild asthma (MiA), moderate asthma (MoA), and severe asthma (SA), respectively. The CA and the PCA groups, when compared with the NCA group, showed higher values for the overall PAQLQ score and all PAQLQ domains (activity limitation, symptoms, and emotional function; p < 0.001 for all). The MiA group showed higher scores for all of the PAQLQ components than did the MoA and SA groups. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life appears to be directly related to asthma control and asthma severity in children and adolescents, being better when asthma is well controlled and asthma severity is lower.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de acordo com o nível de controle e gravidade da asma em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados crianças e adolescentes com asma (7-17 anos de idade) acompanhados no Ambulatório de Pneumologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, localizado na cidade de Campinas (SP). O nível de controle e a gravidade da asma foram avaliados pelo Teste de Controle da Asma e pelo questionário baseado na Global Initiative for Asthma, respectivamente. Os pacientes responderam o Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), validado para uso no Brasil, para a avaliação de sua qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos asmáticos foi de 11,22 ± 2,91 anos, com mediana de 11,20 (7,00-17,60) anos. Foram selecionados 100 pacientes, dos quais 27, 33 e 40, respectivamente, foram classificados com asma controlada (AC), asma parcialmente controlada (APC) e asma não controlada (ANC). Quanto à gravidade da asma, 34, 19 e 47 foram classificados, respectivamente, com asma leve (AL), asma moderada (AM) e asma grave (AG). Os grupos AC e APC, quando comparados ao grupo ANC, apresentaram maiores valores no escore geral do PAQLQ e em seus domínios (limitação de atividades, sintomas e função emocional; p < 0,001 para todos). O grupo AL apresentou os maiores escores em todos os componentes do PAQLQ quando comparado aos grupos AM e AG. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade de vida parece estar diretamente relacionada com o nível de controle e a gravidade da asma, uma vez que as crianças e adolescentes com maior controle e menor gravidade da doença apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/prevention & control , Asthma/psychology , Quality of Life , Adolescent Health , Brazil , Child Health , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(6): 617-625, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732563

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a sample of infants, the prevalence of and risk factors for occasional wheezing (OW) and recurrent wheezing-wheezy baby syndrome (WBS). METHODS: Parents of infants (12-15 months of age) completed the International Study of Wheezing in Infants questionnaire. RESULTS: We included 1,269 infants residing in the city of Blumenau, Brazil. Of those, 715 (56.34%) had a history of wheezing, which was more common among boys. The prevalences of OW and WBS were 27.03% (n = 343) and 29.31% (n = 372), respectively. On average, the first wheezing episode occurred at 5.55 ± 2.87 months of age. Among the 715 infants with a history of wheezing, the first episode occurred within the first six months of life in 479 (66.99%), and 372 (52.03%) had had three or more episodes. Factors associated with wheezing in general were pneumonia; oral corticosteroid use; a cold; attending daycare; having a parent with asthma or allergies; mother working outside the home; male gender; no breastfeeding; and mold. Factors associated with WBS were a cold; physician-diagnosed asthma; ER visits; corticosteroid use; pneumonia; bronchitis; dyspnea; attending daycare; bronchodilator use; having a parent with asthma; no breastfeeding; mother working outside the home; and a dog in the household. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wheezing in the studied population was high (56.34%). The etiology was multifactorial, and the risk factors were intrinsic and extrinsic (respiratory tract infections, allergies, attending daycare, and early wheezing). The high prevalence and the intrinsic risk factors indicate the need and the opportunity for epidemiological and genetic studies in this population. In addition, mothers should be encouraged to prolong breastfeeding ...


OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para sibilância ocasional (SO) e recorrente - síndrome do lactente sibilante (SLS). MÉTODOS: Pais de lactentes (12-15 meses de idade) responderam o questionário escrito Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 1.269 lactentes residentes na cidade de Blumenau (SC). Desses, 715 (56,34%) apresentavam sibilância, sendo essa mais frequente nos meninos. As prevalências de SO e SLS foram de 27,03% (n = 343) e 29,31% (n = 372), respectivamente. O primeiro episódio de sibilância ocorreu aos 5,55 ± 2,87 meses de idade em média. Em 479/715 (66,99%) lactentes com sibilância, o primeiro episódio ocorreu nos primeiros seis meses de vida, enquanto 372/715 (52,03%) apresentaram três ou mais episódios. Os fatores associados com sibilância foram pneumonia; uso de corticoide oral; resfriado; frequência a creches; pais com asma e/ou alergia; mãe com emprego; gênero masculino; sem aleitamento materno; e mofo. Os fatores associados com SLS foram resfriado; diagnóstico médico de asma; visitas a serviço de emergência; uso de corticoide oral/inalatório; pneumonia, bronquite; dispneia; frequência a creches; uso de broncodilatador; pais com asma; sem aleitamento materno; mãe com emprego; e presença de cachorro na residência. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de sibilância na população estudada foi elevada, sendo multifatorial e com fatores de risco intrínsecos e extrínsecos (infecções do trato respiratório, alergia nos pais, frequência a creches e idade precoce de chiado). A elevada ...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Asthma/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 24(2): 119-124, 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643051

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the orofacial functions (chewing, swallowing and speech) in children with asthma and healthy children. METHODS: A cross sectional study including 54 children of both genders with ages between 7 and 10 years was conducted. Twenty-seven of these subjects composed the experimental group, and were subdivided into two severity levels of asthma: Group I - mild intermittent and persistent asthma; Group II - persistent moderate to severe asthma. Twenty-seven healthy children were included in the control group (Group III). Speech-language pathology evaluation used the adapted Orofacial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol. Adaptation consisted in the exclusion of the structural part of the test, since this was not the aim of the study. The structural part was excluded because it was not the aim of this study. RESULTS: It was found alterations in oral functions, with significant differences between the three groups. These alterations showed no correlation with asthma severity, since the highest rate of alterations was found in Group I (mild asthma). CONCLUSION: Regardless of the severity level, children with asthma have altered patterns of chewing, swallowing and speech.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as funções orofaciais de mastigação, deglutição e fala em crianças asmáticas e crianças saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com 54 crianças, com idades entre 7 e 10 anos completos, de ambos os gêneros. Do total, 27 compuseram o grupo experimental e foram subdivididas em dois níveis de gravidade de asma: Grupo I - asma intermitente ou persistente leve; Grupo II - asma persistente moderada ou grave. Fizeram parte do grupo controle (Grupo III) 27 crianças saudáveis. Para a avaliação fonoaudiológica foi utilizado o Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial adaptado. A adaptação constituiu na exclusão da parte estrutural, já que esta não fazia parte do objetivo do estudo. RESULTADOS: Alterações nas funções orofaciais foram encontradas, com diferenças entre os três grupos estudados. Essas alterações não tiveram relação com a gravidade da asma, visto que o maior índice de alterações foi encontrado no Grupo I (asma leve). CONCLUSÃO: Independentemente do nível de gravidade da doença, crianças asmáticas apresentam padrões alterados de mastigação, deglutição e fala.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/complications , Deglutition/physiology , Mastication/physiology , Stomatognathic System Abnormalities/physiopathology , Asthma/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Stomatognathic System Abnormalities/etiology
12.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(6): 735-744, nov.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-610905

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar pacientes com fibrose cística e indivíduos saudáveis quanto ao desempenho funcional no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e prospectivo, com indivíduos saudáveis e com fibrose cística de um hospital universitário de referência na cidade de Campinas (SP). O TC6 foi aplicado de acordo com as normas da American Thoracic Society e repetido após 30 min de repouso. Foram determinados FR, FC, SpO2 e escore da escala de Borg em todos os participantes, assim como o status nutricional e valores espirométricos para os pacientes com fibrose cística. Excluíram-se pacientes em exacerbação pulmonar. Foram utilizados coeficientes de correlação de Spearman e ANOVA para medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 55 pacientes no grupo fibrose cística e 185 indivíduos saudáveis no grupo controle, com médias de idade de 12,2 ± 4,3 anos e 11,3 ± 4,3 anos, respectivamente. A distância percorrida no TC6 (DTC6) foi significativamente menor no grupo fibrose cística que no grupo controle em ambos os testes (547,2 ± 80,6 m vs. 610,3 ± 53,4 m no primeiro e 552,2 ± 82,1 m vs. 616,2 ± 58,0 m no segundo; p < 0,0001 para ambos). A DTC6 se correlacionou com idade, peso e altura somente no grupo fibrose cística. A SpO2 manteve-se estável durante o teste, com aumento da FC e da FR. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra, os pacientes com fibrose cística apresentaram um menor desempenho funcional no TC6 quando comparados a indivíduos saudáveis de mesma faixa etária, sem a necessidade de repetição imediata do teste.


OBJECTIVE: To compare patients with cystic fibrosis and healthy individuals in terms of their functional performance on the six-minute walk test (6MWT). METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional study involving healthy individuals and patients with cystic fibrosis treated at a referral university hospital in the city of Campinas, Brazil. The 6MWT was administered in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guidelines, and it was repeated after a 30-min rest period. For all of the participants, RR, HR, SpO2, and Borg scale scores were obtained. For the cystic fibrosis patients, nutritional status and spirometric values were determined. Patients with pulmonary exacerbation were excluded. Spearman's correlation coefficient and repeated measures ANOVA were used. RESULTS: The cystic fibrosis group comprised 55 patients, and the control group comprised 185 healthy individuals. The mean ages were 12.2 ± 4.3 and 11.3 ± 4.3 years, respectively. The six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was significantly shorter in the cystic fibrosis group than in the control group for both tests (547.2 ± 80.6 m vs. 610.3 ± 53.4 m for the first and 552.2 ± 82.1 m vs. 616.2 ± 58.0 m for the second; p < 0.0001 for both). The 6MWD correlated with age, weight, and height only in the cystic fibrosis group. During the tests, SpO2 remained stable, whereas HR and RR increased. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, functional performance on the 6MWT was poorer among the cystic fibrosis patients than among the healthy controls in the same age bracket, and we found immediate repetition of the test to be unadvisable.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology , Exercise Test/methods , Walking/physiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Nutritional Status/physiology , Spirometry , Time Factors
13.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 86(5): 384-390, out. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-564221

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar os benefícios a médio prazo de um programa de natação em escolares e adolescentes com asma atópica persistente moderada (AAPM). MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo randomizado e prospectivo com crianças e adolescentes (7-18 anos de idade) com AAPM no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP). Após um período de run in de um mês, 61 pacientes (34 femininos) foram randomizados em dois grupos: grupo natação (GN) (n = 30) e grupo controle (GC) (n = 31) e foram acompanhados durante 3 meses. Os dois grupos receberam fluticasona (pó) inalada (250 mcg, 2 vezes ao dia) diariamente e salbutamol inalado, quando necessário. O programa de natação consistiu em um total de 24 aulas, duas vezes por semana, por 3 meses. O GN e o GC realizaram espirometria, teste de broncoprovocação com metacolina (provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20 por cento fall in FEV1, PC20 de metacolina), antes e após os 3 meses de estudo. Pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax) foram realizadas somente no GN. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o GN apresentou aumento significativo da PC20 de metacolina (inicial 0,31±0,25 e final 0,63±0,78; p = 0,008), pressão inspiratória máxima (inicial 67,08±17,13 cm H2O e final 79,46±18,66; p < 0,001), pressão expiratória máxima (inicial 71,69±20,01 cm H2O e final 78,92±21,45 cm H2O; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Crianças e adolescentes com AAPM que se submeteram a um programa de natação apresentaram diminuição estatisticamente significativa da hiper-responsividade brônquica, com aumento dos valores da PC20 de metacolina, quando comparados aos com AAPM que não realizaram natação. O GN também apresentou melhora no componente da força elástica do tórax.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the medium-term benefits of a swimming program in schoolchildren and adolescents with moderate persistent atopic asthma (MPAA). METHODS: A randomized, prospective study of children and adolescents (age 7-18 years) with MPAA was carried out at the Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. After a 1-month run-in period, 61 patients (34 female) were randomized into two groups, a swimming group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 31), and followed for 3 months. Both patient groups received inhaled fluticasone (dry powder, 250 mcg twice a day) and salbutamol as needed. The swim training program consisted of two weekly classes over a 3-month period for a total of 24 sessions. Both groups underwent spirometric assessment and methacholine challenge test - provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20 percent fall in FEV1 (PC20) - before and after the study period. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured only in the swimming group. RESULTS: Significant increases in PC20 (pre-training, 0.31±0.25; post-training, 0.63±0.78; p = 0.008), MIP (pre-training, 67.08±17.13 cm H2O; post-training 79.46±18.66; p < 0.001), and MEP (pre-training, 71.69±20.01 cm H2O; post-training, 78.92±21.45 cm H2O; p < 0.001) were found in the swimming group. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with MPAA subjected to a swim training program experienced a significant decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as determined by increased PC20 values, when compared with asthmatic controls who did not undergo swim training. Participants in the swimming group also showed improvement in elastic recoil of the chest wall.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/physiopathology , Asthma/rehabilitation , Bronchial Hyperreactivity/physiopathology , Swimming/physiology , Bronchial Provocation Tests , Bronchoconstrictor Agents , Exercise Therapy/methods , Methacholine Chloride , Prospective Studies , Spirometry , Statistics, Nonparametric
14.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(4): 205-209, July 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-467134

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Adverse drug reactions are a significant problem in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We determined liver enzyme elevation frequencies in HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving ART, and their association with risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, at the Pediatrics Immunodeficiency Division, University Hospital, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: Medical records of 152 children and adolescents (54.6 percent male; median age 7.48 years) were analyzed, with a mean of 2.6 liver enzyme determinations per patient. Clinically, patients were classified in categories N (6), A (29), B (78) and C (39). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were evaluated. Hepatotoxicity was scored as grade 1 (1.1-4.9 times upper limit of normality, ULN), grade 2 (5.0-9.9 times ULN), grade 3 (10.0-15.0 times ULN) and grade 4 (> 15.0 times ULN). To assess hepatotoxicity risk factors, odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for age, gender, TCD4+ cell count, viral load and medication usage were calculated. RESULTS: We observed grade 1 hepatotoxicity in 19.7 percent (30/152) patients. No cases of grade 2, 3 or 4 were detected. There was a significant association between hepatotoxicity and use of sulfonamides (OR, 3.61; 95 percent confidence interval (CI), 1.50-8.70; aOR, 3.58; 95 percent CI, 1.44-8.85) and antituberculous agents (OR, 9.23; 95 percent CI, 1.60-53.08; aOR, 9.05; 95 percent CI, 1.48-55.25). No toxicity was associated with ART. CONCLUSIONS: One fifth of patients experienced mild hepatotoxicity, attributed to antituberculous agents and sulfonamides. Our results suggest that ART was well tolerated.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Reações adversas a drogas são um problema significativo em pacientes sob terapia antiretroviral (TARV). Determinamos a freqüência de valores elevados de enzimas hepáticas em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes infectados pelo HIV sob TARV e os fatores de risco associados. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, realizado na Divisão de Imunodeficiência em Pediatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados prontuários médicos de 152 crianças e adolescentes (54,6 por cento masculino) infectados pelo HIV sob TARV, com dosagens de enzimas hepáticas, em média, 2,6 exames por paciente. A mediana de idade foi 7,48 anos. Clinicamente os pacientes foram classificados nas categorias N (6), A (29), B (78) e C (39). Foram avaliados os níveis séricos de aspartato aminotransferase e alanina aminotransferase. O sistema de escore da hepatotoxicidade foi: grau 1 (1,1 a 4,9 x• limite superior ao normal, i.e., LSN), grau 2 (5,0 - 9,9 x LSN), grau 3 (10,0 - 15,0 x •LSN) e grau 4 (>15,0 x •LSN). Para determinar os fatores de risco de hepatotoxicidade, foram avaliados odds ratio (OR) e odds ratio ajustado (aOR) para idade, gênero, contagem de linfócitos TCD4+ e uso de medicações. RESULTADOS: Observamos hepatotoxicidade grau 1 em 19,7 por cento (30/152) pacientes. Não foi detectada hepatotoxicidade grau 2, 3 ou 4. Houve uma associação significativa entre a hepatotoxicidade e uso de sulfas (OR, 3,61; IC 95 por cento, 1,50 -8,70; ORajustado, 3,58; IC 95 por cento, 1,44 - 8,85) e agentes antituberculose (OR, 9,23; IC 95 por cento, 1,60 - 53,08; ORajustado, 9,05, IC 95 por cento, 1,48 - 55,25), mas não estava associada com TARV. CONCLUSÃO: Um quinto dos pacientes apresentaram hepatotoxicidade leve, atribuída ao uso de agentes antituberculose e sulfas. Nossos resultados sugerem que TARV foi bem tolerada.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Liver/drug effects , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Hepatitis C/chemically induced , Hepatitis C/enzymology , Liver/enzymology , Viral Load
15.
São Paulo med. j ; 123(2): 62-65, mar. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-411592

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A ocorrência de desnutrição é freqüente em crianças com infecção pelo HIV. O objetivo do estudo foi estudar a ocorrência de desnutrição e sua relação com a mudança de categoria clínica em crianças infectadas pelo HIV. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo longitudinal, no Departamento de Pediatria e Centro de Investigação em Pediatria (CIPED). Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). MÉTODOS: Revisamos os prontuários de 127 pacientes com infecção perinatal pelo HIV com o propósito de obter medidas de peso e estatura no início do acompanhamento ambulatorial, no momento da mudança de categoria clínica e cinco meses após a mudança. Estes dados foram transformados em z-escores de peso/idade, altura/idade e peso/altura. Os testes de Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis e o cálculo da razão de chances foram usados. RESULTADOS: 51 (40,2%) das crianças avaliadas apresentavam desnutrição, sendo 40 (31,5%) com comprometimento de altura, e portanto com maior risco de inclusão na categoria clínica C. Encontramos associação entre condição nutricional, categoria clínica e idade no início dos sintomas. 36 (28,4%) pacientes mudaram de categoria clínica durante o acompanhamento, e a mudança ocorreu em idade mais precoce entre os desnutridos. O grupo que mudou de categoria clínica manteve as mesmas distribuições de z-escore de peso, altura e peso/altura durante o acompanhamento. CONCLUSAO: A gravidade das manifestações da aids associa-se com a condição nutricional e com a idade de início dos sintomas. A mudança de categoria clínica não se acompanhou de piora no estado nutricional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , HIV Infections/complications , Nutritional Status , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Body Height , Body Weight , Brazil , Cohort Studies , HIV Infections/transmission , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
16.
J. pneumol ; 29(1): 36-42, Jan.-Feb. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-366264

ABSTRACT

Asthma is the most frequent chronic inflammatory disease in childhood, and its prevalence has increased remarkably over the last decades. Therefore, the scientific community became interested in studying the growth of the affected children. The relationship between asthma and growth suffers the influence of the clinical picture, of therapeutics, but the different study methods make it difficult to distinguish the factors responsible for the growth retardation detected by some authors. This review has the purpose of providing an overall outlook on this matter.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Asthma , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Growth , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Asthma , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors
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